Based on the analysis, new values of exponent α, which defines the shape of the normalized load contour, are provided, which improves the estimation of load contours. This work examines the degree to which the aforementioned approximations lead to inaccuracies by analyzing 336 column sections. However, the 'precise' load contours deviate from the 'approximated' load contours due to the simplifying approximations imposed. Many design standards, like the IS-456:2000, use the Bresler-invented constant load contour method as an approximation when designing rectangular RC columns that are biaxially loaded. Using the limit state method, it is challenging to precisely study Reinforced Concrete (RC) column sections subjected to axial compression and bending moments because the neutral axis in biaxial bending is inclined to the resulting bending axis.
